Hypogonadism is a condition in which the body does not produce enough testosterone. This hormone is essential for male sexual development and function. There are two main types of hypogonadism:
The symptoms of hypogonadism depend on when it develops. If it occurs early in fetal development, the genitals and sexual characteristics may be underdeveloped or ambiguous. Later onset leads to signs in adolescence or adulthood such as:
Diagnosing hypogonadism involves blood tests to measure hormone levels. Doctors also do physical exams checking for typical signs of hypogonadism. Imaging tests check for structural problems with sexual organs or the pituitary gland. Genetic tests help diagnose disorders like Klinefelter syndrome.
Treating hypogonadism aims to replace missing testosterone. Options may include:
Managing other medical conditions may also help improve gonadal function. Lifestyle changes like eating healthy, exercising, and reducing stress can aid treatment too.
In summary, hypogonadism develops when inadequate testosterone is produced. It can originate from problems with the testes or signaling systems in the brain. Depending on onset timing, symptoms range from ambiguous genitalia to reduced sex drive, fatigue and depression in adolescence/adulthood. Diagnosis uses blood tests, imaging and genetics to pinpoint the cause. Treatment often focuses on replacing testosterone through various delivery methods. Controlling other conditions and positive lifestyle changes provide additional benefits. Recognizing the signs and risk factors for hypogonadism is key for prompt diagnosis and management.
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